Gum disease is silent: it progresses for years with hardly any pain and, when it does show, it has sometimes already destroyed part of the bone holding the teeth. The good news is that it can be stopped with timely periodontal treatment. Here's what it involves and when it's needed.
What is periodontal disease?
It's an infection of the tissues that support the teeth: the gum, the ligament and the bone. It starts with a build-up of bacterial plaque and tartar around the teeth and has two stages:
- Gingivitis: inflammation and bleeding of the gums. It's reversible.
- Periodontitis: the infection affects the bone, «pockets» form between gum and tooth, and over time teeth can become loose and be lost.
Warning signs
You should see a dentist if you notice:
- Bleeding when brushing or flossing.
- Red, swollen or sore gums.
- Persistent bad breath.
- Receding gums: teeth look longer.
- Loose teeth or new gaps between teeth.
When is periodontal treatment needed?
When a check-up shows the gum has pulled away from the tooth forming pockets, or X-rays show bone loss. To find out we carry out a periodontal assessment: we measure the depth around each tooth with a millimetre probe and assess bleeding, mobility and bone.
Some factors increase the risk and make check-ups more important: smoking, diabetes, stress, family history and some hormonal changes, such as pregnancy.
What does treatment involve?
The aim is to remove the bacteria and tartar under the gums so the inflammation settles and the gum reattaches to the tooth. Depending on severity, it may include:
1. Initial phase: scaling and root planing
A deep cleaning of the roots below the gum. It's done under local anaesthetic, usually by quadrant (areas of the mouth) over one or more sessions, together with personalised hygiene instructions.
2. Re-evaluation
A few weeks later we measure the gums again to see how they've responded. In many cases this first phase is enough.
3. Periodontal surgery (if needed)
In advanced cases with very deep pockets, surgery may be needed to reach difficult areas and, where possible, regenerate lost bone.
4. Maintenance
Periodontitis is controlled, but it can come back. That's why regular check-ups and cleanings are essential, usually every 3–6 months depending on the case.
Why is treatment important?
- It's one of the main causes of tooth loss in adults.
- Gum infection has been linked to other conditions, such as diabetes and cardiovascular problems.
- Healthy gums are essential before implants, veneers or orthodontics.
Frequently asked questions
Does periodontal treatment hurt?
No, it's done under local anaesthetic. There may be some sensitivity for a few days afterwards.
Can lost gum and bone be recovered?
Treatment stops the disease. In some cases part of the bone can be regenerated or roots covered with a gum graft.
How often do I need maintenance?
It depends on your case; we'll give you a personalised schedule after treatment.
